Patterns
Patterns
Known as Poomse, patterns are a sequence of combination techniques performed in a set order against imaginary opponents. They are representations of combat with imaginary multiple attacks converging from different directions. There are many different types of patterns each containing a different mixture of techniques.
Patterns are essentially a training aid and form of meditation. It allows techniques to be learnt through repetition so that series of complex movements can become automatic. The ability to be able to perform such moves without conscious thought is a cornerstone of effective fighting, and so, patterns have a very real part to play in the development of Tae Kwon Do as an effective combat system.
When performing patterns, it is important to compose the mind and calm the breathing. All patterns start and finish on the same sport, and so technical accuracy is essential reflected by any deviation found at the finish. Breathing should be co-ordinated with the rhythm of the movements which must be fluid and relaxed with power momentarily concentrated at a technique’s peak. Speed should be in accordance with the meanings of the techniques, and there must be perfect balance with no staggering or faltering during execution of any technique.
Taegauk
The first Poomses practised by kup-holders are known as the Taegeuks, and are the training patterns upon which competence in Tae Kwon Do is built. The word Taegeuk comprises of two Chinese characters with Tae meaning joyfulness and Geuk meaning eternity. It is a philosophical idea from which views on life and the universe are derived as it has no form, no beginning and no end. Nevertheless, everything is embodied in and has for its origin Taegeuk.
From the Taegeuk, there are eight major philosophical concepts, each represented by its respective Chinese character, and thus there are eight patterns that correspond with each concept.
Poomse Taegeuk Il Jang (18 movements)
Keon (Heaven and light) - The first Taegeuk is the beginning of all poomses, and Keon is the creative force which inhabits all physical forms. It is represented by heaven and light, so that the heavens give us rain and light makes all things grow. Il Jang applies the principles of Keon so that it is the beginning of everything on Earth and the source of all creation.
Poomse Taeguk Ee Jang (18 movements)
Tae (joyfulness) - Tae is the manifestation of a clear and relaxed mind full of positive thoughts. This is a state in which one’s mind is kept firm and appears gentle. It is a spiritually uplifting nature that is serene and gentle. Thus movements of this poomse should be performed with ease and fluidity without a sense of struggling against limitations, but rather living with them.
Poomse Taegeuk Sam Jang (20 movements)
Ri (fire) - A burning fire can bring light, warmth, enthusiasm and hope. The movement of this form must emulate the qualities of fire – like a flickering energy with unpredictable pace and styling. Sam Jang should be performed with variety and passion, with all actions successfully used in defence. Through this poomse one can develop the briskness of movements involved in executing attacks or blocks as the movements associated with this form demand a variety of speed.
Poomse Taegeuk Sa Jang (20 movements)
Jin (thunder) - Jin symbolises thunder – noise without substance, and is expressed as bravery and steadfastness. Thunder and lightning are objects of fear and trembling, and the principle suggests that we should act bravely even in the face of fear and danger. This poomse, as a consequence, contains many postures that display composure and strong balance with blocks in combination with strikes and kicks that require the performer to not only kick with force but immediately recover back into a strong stance.
Poomse Taegeuk Oh Jang (20 movements)
Seon (wind) - Wind is anforce that can change direction and strength without warning. The principle of this form is one of contrast, with gentle movements contrasting the violent. Seon encompasses the contrasting characteristics of the wind, but its concept is that of a subtle nature with pure intent. It symbolises a humble state of mind and expresses repetitive good-natured actions. Actions should sometimes proceed as gently and monotonously like a breeze, and at other times as forcefully as a storm. These differing manifestations must be balanced throughout the actions of this poomse.
Poomse Taegeuk Yook Jang (23 movements)
Gan (water) - Water is liquid and formless. It never loses its nature as it flows around and absorbs all things. A stone dropped into a lake with sink through without resistance, leaving the water untroubled. This principle teaches us that we can overcome difficulties and hardships if we go forward with self-confidence. No matter what troubles we face or encounter in life, there exists a way of overcoming them as long as we retain the qualities of acceptance, flow and natural integrity. Yook Jang must be performed with fluidity and the feeling that every action is what is called for to overcome the situation at each particular instant. Actions of this poomse resemble the nature of water.
Poomse Taegeuk Chil Jang (25 movements)
Gan (mountain) - Gan means “top stop” and is symbolised by the immovable mountain. We must go forward and stop when it is required. One should learn from the stability of a mountain and not act in a hasty manner. Though fast actions are fine, we should be aware of where and when to stop. This poomse reflects the need to combine movements and non-movement in response to an attack.
Poomse Taegeuk Pal Jang (24 movements)
Gon (earth) - The earth is that from which all life springs, matures and dies. Things take life from Gon, grow from it and draw limitless energy from it. It is defined as completely receptive, with the earth being where the Keon is realised into physical form. This poomse marks the kup-holder’s last round of training and a stepping stone to the way of the dan-holder. Here, fundamental actions and concepts found in previous forms are reviewed, and becomes the platform from which more advanced patterns can be studied.
